Italy Renaissance

Section I- Secular- means non-religous. nothing to do with religion or christianity.

                Da Vinci- was possibly the most advanced and well known architect of his time. He created          
                                 multiple incredible works of art such and the "Mona Lisa"
                Florence- was an italian city during the renaissance. They became extremely rich of of trade
                                 and their art being created.

Section II- Donatello- An Italian painter from Florence. was a magnificent sculptor with many works
                                    during the renaissance.
                  Raphael- An Italian printer/architect from the Italian Renaissance
               
                  Durer- Was a German painter, engraver, mathmatician, printer, and theorist. from
                              Nuremburg
Section III- The Ninety-Five Thesis- a paper written by martin luther going against the ways of the  
                                                          pope and the caotholic church
                   Martin Luther- Lutherin. wrote the 95 thesis and spoke out against the pope.
         
                   Lutherinism- First type of christianity that wasn't catholic

Section IV- Anabaptist- believed in waiting to be baptized when you were old enough to understand
                                      what it was
                 
                   King Henry VIII- was a king during this time who developed a way to keep money inside
                                                 of his country
         
                  Jesuits- were male. and are involved in evangelism.

Rise of the Mongols

Geography- The Mongols nomadic lifestyle helped them immensely. It allowed them increased mobility. This means that when going to conquer neighboring villages the wouldn't have to completely pick up everything and move there houses they could quickly pick up camp and go. This increased mobility led to a massive empire they conquered a massive amount of land. They may have go even farther if it hadn't been for the Himalayas and the radical change in climate as they headed farther south. They were used to the colder climate of mongolia and the steppes. They became riddled with disease and they had to turn back for home.

Leadership- Mongol culture had unparelleled leadership for their time. They were led by possibly the most fearless and cunning leader of the age. Chinngis or Temmugin who later became the imfamous Ghensis Kahn was an amazing leader. His life started harshly when his father was poisoned by an enemy tribe. He is said to have become a man that day. He then spent the next few years of his life running and hiding from his enemies. This led into him becoming the Kahn of his tribe after his blood brother jamucha left with half of his tribe. Ghensis than faced his brother twice losing the first battle and then completly annihilating his enemy is the second battle. He then went on to conquer almost all of what is now modern day middle east and asia.

Technology- The Mongols had the top technology of their time. They came up with 16 of the best war tactics that are still sometimes used today. They also created modernized weapons and amor which allowed them to sustain less casualties and be able to keep pushing forward. They used all of their war tactics to the most of their potential. This enabled them to become the unstoppable war machine that they were. One of their best tactics was the outflanking tactic. They would leave a big fighting force to wear down the enemy and keep them distracted while a large force would sneak around a wide perimeter and attack them from the back. Then they would surround the enemy and massacre them.

  Comparison- Ghensis Kahn & Adolf Hitler

Ghensis Kahn and Hitler are very similar in their Leadership but the styles that they present themselves are different. Ghensis kahn was born way before Hitler so his time period was way different. His time was all about honor and a fight for survival. He treated all of the mongols equally and with fairness. where Hitler was absorbed with himself. he was obsessed with taking over the entire world. Both led with unwaveringly loyal troops. The only major difference was that at the end of their lives Ghensis Kahn had accomplished his take over. Hitler was defeated and his entire country changed forever.

Primary Source Analysis: Letter from St. Jerome to Principia.

1. AUTHOR - What do you know, or what can you infer about the author? I can infer that he in is in great pain about the fall of Rome and he is disgusted at how the people and dead bodies were treated.
2. PLACE AND TIME - Where and when was the source produced, and how does this affect its meaning? The letter was dated in 402 AD and was written by a person directly involved with the fall and someone who was there. so it may be somewhat biased coming from a Roman
3. PRIOR KNOWLEDGE - What else do you know that would help you understand the source? We know that one of the reasons for the fall of Rome was That Barbarians eventually ransacked them. It may help if we new a little more about the Barbarians.
4. AUDIENCE - For whom was the source created and how might this affect its reliability? This letter was written as a personal letter between two, I would assume, friends. this could mean it wasn't meant for public. therefore some of the facts may not add up.
5. REASON – For what purpose what this source created? This was created to give a friend a play by play of what had happened as Rome was falling and to reiterate the horrors of what had happened
6. THE MAIN IDEA – What’s the main idea? The main idea is the fall of Rome and to put into picture the terror of what had happened
7. SIGNIFICANCE - Why is this source important? What conclusions can be drawn from the source, or what questions remain unanswered? I dont understand how he made it out alive. he is important because it gives us more facts about how rome fell.

Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius April 26, 121 AD-March 17, 180 AD
Natural causes

He ruled for 19 years

He was a genius he studied philosophy and was a very serious person.

One creepy part of his life was his addiction to opium.

His death is unkown for certain but it may be do to his opium addiction or his constant sickness.

Spartacus

1. WHO was Spartacus? A Thracian Gladiator who led many revolts and slaves to battle
2. WHAT did he do?  Defeated the Roman government in a giant revolt. 
3. WHY did he do it?  For freedom 
4. WHEN did it happen?   71 BC
5. WHERE did it happen?  In Rome along the Italian peninsula
6. HOW did it end?   He was killed in battle. with his army.
7. WAS HE A HERO OR A VILLAIN? He was a hero to thousands of slaves, but to the roman government he was a villain trying to disrupt the peace

Roman Culture

Roman Religion-
 Was a modified version of the greek gods. were myriad ( accepted other things  to other conquered religions. The top three gods were known as the Archaic Triad. they were Jupiter, Mars, Neptune

The Roman Gladiators- The games were held in honor of the dead manes and spirits. was fought between everything you can imagine man v animal, man v man, woman v woman, everything. were often times slaves.

Roman Timeline

753 BC- Founding of Rome- Romulus becomes king

535 BC- Tarquinius Superbus- Married to Tulia who killed her father to get to the throne. 

509 BC- Banishment of Superbus- His son raped Lucretia and got him and his entire family kicked of              the throne

396 BC- Rome Defeats the Etruscans- they tunneled underneath the city and killed everyone in site

264-146 BC The punic wars- Was a war fought between Rome and Carthage. was probably the biggest wars ever to happen.

73-71 BC- Spartacus' slave revolt- he led thousands of slaves and in the end was defeated and 11,000 of his slaves were crucified

100-44 BC Julius Caesar- changed history forever, made the first 365 day calendar. he also created the emperor of rome and tutored him and taught him.

Augustus 27 BC-14 AD

First Roman emperor. Led Rome from a republic to an empire  

Caligula   37- 41AD

Nero        54-68 AD

In his reign he became crazy and executed many people. The empire revolted against him.

Domitian 81-96 AD

Trajan      98- 117 AD

Hadrian   117-138 AD

Marcus Aurelius 161- 180 AD

Commodus 180- 192 AD